3^rd World Congress on Fetal and Maternal Medicine 2020 June 23-24, 2020 Osaka, Japan

A branch of medicine that specializes in the care of women during pregnancy and childbirth and in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the female reproductive organs. It also specializes in other women’s health issues, such as menopause, hormone problems, contraception (birth control), and infertility. In many areas, the specialties of gynecology and obstetrics overlap.

  Pregnancy and birth are as ordinary and extraordinary as breathing thinking or loving and both call on an individual’s creativity, flexibility, endurance, and humor. You will usually feel your baby’s first movements after 20 weeks for your first pregnancy or 16 weeks for pregnancies after that. Fetal movements will usually become more regular after 24 weeks.

 Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman. Multiple pregnancies involve more than one offspring, such as with twins. Pregnancy can occur through sexual intercourse or assisted reproductive technology. Childbirth typically occurs around 40 weeks from the last menstrual period (LMP). This is just over nine months, where each month averages 29½ days.  When measured from conception it is about 38 weeks. An embryo is a developing offspring during the first eight weeks following conception, after which, the term fetus is used until birth. Symptoms of early pregnancy may include missed periods, tender breasts, nausea and vomiting, hunger, and frequent urination. Pregnancy may be confirmed with a pregnancy test.

 Prenatal diagnosis has revolutionized prenatal care from the perspective of both the patient and the physician. For the patient, prenatal diagnosis provides genetic, anatomic, and physiologic information about the fetus or fetuses that can be used to make informed and individualized decisions regarding the pregnancy. For the physician, prenatal diagnosis provides vital information that can be utilized for better antepartum management. Information regarding specific anatomic anomalies affords the physician the opportunity to offer the patient sophisticated prenatal procedures, such as fetal surgery or selective fetal reduction in multiple gestations. Likewise, prenatal knowledge about genetic, physiologic, and/or anatomic abnormalities enables the physician to tailor or manage the timing and mode of delivery for optimal maternal and fetal outcomes. Prenatal diagnosis also allows the neonatal and pediatric specialists to be adequately prepared for a potentially ill neonate at delivery. Recent progress in the fields of maternal-fetal medicine, radiology, and genetics has resulted in great advances in prenatal diagnosis.

Reproductive medicine is a branch of medicine concerning the male and female reproductive systems. It encompasses a variety of reproductive conditions, their prevention and assessment, as well as their subsequent treatment and prognosis. It also incorporates many aspects of ethics and law and has recently seen massive advancements with the help of technology and research.

 Reproductive medicine has allowed the development of artificial reproductive techniques (ARTs) which have allowed advances in overcoming human infertility, as well as being used in agriculture and in wildlife conservation. Some examples of ARTs include IVF, artificial insemination (AI) and embryo transfer, as well as genome resource banking. With techniques such as cryopreservation of tissue coming to the forefront, the future of reproductive medicine is exciting.

 Maternal and child health (MCH) refers to the health of mothers, infants, children, and adolescents. A healthy diet helps children to grow and learn. It also helps prevent obesity and other weight-related diseases, such as diabetes. Any kind of alterations in fetal nutrition or endocrine status may result in developmental adaptations that permanently change the structure, metabolism, and physiology of the offspring, thereby predisposing individuals to metabolic, endocrine, and cardiovascular diseases in adult life.

 Gynecological surgery refers to surgery on the female reproductive system. Gynecological surgery is usually performed by gynecologists. It includes procedures for benign conditions, cancer, infertility, and incontinence. Gynecological surgery may occasionally be performed for elective or cosmetic purposes.<span style="\&quot;font-size:" 10.5pt;="" font-family:="" helvetica,="" sans-serif;="" color:="" rgb(51,="" 51,="" 51);="" background-image:="" initial;="" background-position:="" background-size:="" background-repeat:="" background-attachment:="" background-origin:="" background-clip:="" initial;\"=""> Gynecological surgery is presently developing every surgical intercession relating to ladies wellbeing, including Urogynecology, oncology and fetal surgery.

A woman's reproductive system is a delicate and complex system in the body. Good preconception health is important for every woman not just those planning pregnancy. It means taking control and choosing healthy habits. It means living well, being healthy, and feeling good about your life.menopause, and conditions of the female organs. Women can have a healthy pregnancy by getting proper, early and regular prenatal care. They are also recommended several tests for cervical cancer, breast cancer, and bone density screenings. Complications of pregnancy include health problems that occur during pregnancy. They can involve a baby's health, the mother’s health or both. Diet and nutrition play a major role during pregnancy time. Important nutritious diet includes Protein rich veg diet and Calcium rich recipes. The best time to try and conceive is during the ‘fertile window’ of the menstrual cycle i.e. ovulation time.

Neonatology is a subspecialty of pediatrics that consists of the medical care of new-born infants, especially the ill or premature new-borns. It is a hospital-based specialty, and is usually practiced in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The principal patients of new-born infants who are ill or require special medical care due to prematurity, low-birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, congenital malformations (birth defects), sepsis, pulmonary hypoplasia or birth asphyxia.

Fetal surgery also known as fetal reconstructive surgery, antenatal surgery, prenatal surgery, is a growing branch of maternal-fetal medicine that covers any of a broad range of surgical techniques that are used to treat birth defects in fetuses who are still in the pregnant uterus. There are three main types: open fetal surgery, which involves completely opening the uterus to operate on the fetus; minimally invasive fetoscopic surgery, which uses small incisions and is guided by fetoscopy and sonography; and percutaneous fetal therapy, which involves placing a catheter under continuous ultrasound guidance. Fetal intervention is relatively new. Advancing technologies allow earlier and more accurate diagnosis of diseases and congenital problems in a fetus.

The fetal brain begins to develop during the third week of gestation. Neural progenitor cells begin to divide and differentiate into neurons and glia, the two cell types that form the basis of the nervous system. By the ninth week, the brain appears as a small, smooth structure. Fetal brain development has a long-lasting effect on your baby’s personality. The brain grows at a remarkably rapid rate. By the end of the third week of gestation, the embryo has formed the three parts of the brain (the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain). One week later, the brain begins functioning. At this point, the brain busily begins to work on the placement of all the major organs and systems. By the end of the eighth week of pregnancy, all of the major organs are in place, according to the Long Island Spectrum Center website.

The heart is the first organ to develop in your unborn baby and is the most important to his or her lifetime of health. We’re here to help understand exactly how your baby’s heart is growing, and to partner with you, your obstetrician and a diverse care team to support your baby’s unique needs before, during and after birth. Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) may be identified during fetal life with a very high level of diagnostic accuracy at tertiary centers with an established fetal cardiology programme. For some forms of cardiac abnormality, there may be an improvement in postnatal outcome with prenatal diagnosis. Furthermore, early diagnosis during pregnancy will allow parents to consider various options and be prepared for subsequent treatments. In order to deliver a comprehensive high-quality service, fetal cardiology units should provide appropriate support and information (before and after the fetal heart examination) and liaise with all relevant specialists and support services, in addition to the essential task of providing an accurate cardiac diagnosis.

 Embryology is the branch of science that reviews the pre-birth improvement of gametes treatment, and advancement of incipient organisms and hatchlings. A human starts life as a treated ovum. These single-cell offers ascend to a great many cells that shape the human body. In an initial couple of days following treatment, the creating incipient organism comprises of a chunk of cells. This inserts on the mass of the uterus and starts to become further, bolstered by supplements and blood from the mother.

 Human Genetics qualities examine is of legacy as it happens in individuals. Human genetics compasses assortments of covering fields including, genomics, cytogenetic, atomic genetic qualities, established genetic qualities, biochemical genetic qualities, populace genetic qualities, formative genetic qualities, clinical genetic qualities, and genetic guiding. Qualities can be the basic factor of the characteristics of most human-acquired attributes.

 Nursing care is focused on the assessment, diagnosis, planning, treatment and evaluation of preoperative and postoperative surgical patients with emphasis on Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiac ICU care including rhythm interpretation, hemodynamic, airway management, pain management, medication management, safety precautions, patient/family education and support, and initiation of the rehabilitation process. Registered nurses in CICU meet the basic requirements for Registered Nurse staff, and function in accordance with the nursing department job description, as described in the Hospital Plan for Nursing Care.